Over the years there have been many doomsday scenarios which have come and gone but one which is ever present on the radar of natural disaster experts is the Yellowstone National Park super volcano. There are varying opinions as to the potential damage an eruption of this super volcano could cause to America and the world but what is the truth and when could it happen?
Yellowstone Park
Yellowstone National Park was established by US Congress as a national park back in 1872 and offers a variety of natural phenomenon and a massive 3,468 mi.² of landscape encompassing lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. The area is home to literally thousands of different varieties of animals, insects, fish and birds and is one of the main tourist attractions in the US state of Wyoming.
However, Yellowstone National Park is situated on top of one of the largest super volcanoes in the world which is said to be 55 km by 72 km as measured by a number of geographical experts around the world. So what exactly is a super volcano and what damage could it do to America and the rest of the world?
Super volcanoes
To describe a super volcano has a massive volcano is too simple because quite literally a super volcano has the potential to change the climate around the world and immediately wipe out life within a few hundred km radius of an eruption. When you consider that a super volcano eruption is larger than 1000 km³ in size and consists of magma, molten rock and an array of potentially explosive and poisonous gases we may start to appreciate the size of the potential problem in countries such as America, which is home to the Yellowstone National Park super volcano.
The strength and power of a volcano is measured by the Volcanic Explosivity Index which runs from 0 to 8. To give a comparison between “smaller volcanoes” and super volcanoes, the volcanic eruption of Mount St Helens in 1980 threw out 1.2 km3 of volcanic ash and only registered at the bottom end of the volcanic index. Mount Pinatubo in 1981 and the infamous Krakatoa volcano in 1883 caused widespread disruption, death and affected the local climate for some considerable amount of time but with 25 km3 of dense rock thrown out during explosions even they only touched level 6 on the scale.
A super volcano would throw out at least 1000 km3 of volcanic rock which would rise 25 km into the atmosphere covering thousands of kilometres of the sky and raining down hot ash and tiny rock particles onto the ground below to a depth of metres in the local vicinity. So how big is the Yellowstone national super volcano?
Yellowstone National Park super volcano
While the vast majority of opinions on the super volcano located under the Yellowstone National Park are pure scientific and yet to be proven, many experts predict that up to 50% of the US could be affected by a massive ash cloud which would cover the skies for many months and raining down ash on areas literally thousands of kilometres away from the volcano itself. This is before even taking into account the deadly pyroclastic lava flows which would see a rolling mass of ash, smoke, lava and rocks literally wipe out all life and vegetation in its path of miles. We saw an example of what damage pyroclastic lava flows can cause during the recent Montserrat volcanic activity.
However, the Montserrat explosion is minuscule in comparison to the potential damage which the Yellowstone National Park super volcano could inflict upon not only America but the worldwide climate. All towns, cities and rural settlements in the local area would literally be wiped out in a split-second as the 500°C rolling mass of lava and deadly ash destroys everything in its path. There would also be significant lightning storms following behind due to the immense heat being pumped into the local atmosphere.
How long would the after effects be felt?
When we talk of natural disasters we often assume that once the pivotal moment has passed, such as the explosion of a super volcano, life and society will get back to normal in the short term. However, such is the power and ferocity of a super volcano that the after-effects could be felt for decades after the explosion due to a number of factors which include:-
Ash clouds covering the earth
If the Yellowstone National Park super volcano erupted it would literally pump poisonous gases and ash up to 25 km into the air. The ash is effectively very small particles of razor sharp rock which have been obliterated during the lava flows and explosion and will literally hang in the air for weeks and months. The thick smog will encompass large areas of the Earth blocking out the sunlight with scientists estimating a reduction in the temperature of the Earth’s surface of -10°.
A mini ice age
It has been proven by scientists that super volcanic eruptions have occurred 2.1 million, 1.3 million and 640,000 years ago across the Yellowstone Park area and one may be due any time now (give or take 100,000 years!). There is evidence of substantial change in the local landscape and the onslaught of a mini ice age over the years, which at one point was thought to have pushed the human race to near extinction.
Drought and famine
With the Earth’s surface starved of heat and water, the growing seasons would change significantly with many areas of the earth unsuitable for farming with drought and famine commonplace around the world. This would lead to a deterioration of society, an increase in unlawful activity and potentially threaten the democracy of governments around the world.
Death
While literally thousands of the US population would be wiped out in the immediate aftermath of the a super volcanic eruption at Yellowstone Park, this figure would be minuscule compared to the damage around the world from both weather change and famine as discussed above. However, evidence has been found that of volcanic eruptions pump masses of ash into the atmosphere, although this is not a normal ash.
Scientists have been able to examine the fallout from earlier volcanic eruptions and found that this ash is in effect very small particles of razor-sharp rock which can be inhaled and cause severe damage to the lungs. This has been known to cause a fairly rare lung disease which causes the body’s immune system to literally collapse and bone growth goes out of control leading to excruciatingly painful joints and bone structures around the body.
Conclusion
While we often look at natural disasters and the consequences which these can have on the local area, local property markets and local economies, with the Yellowstone National Park super volcano rocks these will be the last things on our mind!
It is difficult to exaggerate the power of these natural phenomena and while many people will be of the opinion that it will not happen in their lifetime, it will happen sooner or later as history has shown us. Vast areas of America would be wiped out by the eruption of the Yellowstone National Park super volcano and the effect on the world would be felt for decades to come. Climate change, imminent deaths and long lingering fatal medical conditions would dominate the earth with many scientists suggesting this is what may well have wiped out the dinosaurs millions of years ago.
Keep two year supply of food and water with several shot guns. Pick an area of your house to put in a wood burning stove, set this area up as your safe room for family from intruders, after time you will survie and always keep face mask on when walking outiside and always to clear ash from roof!
The best place to be during this volcanic eruption…is in or very near yellowstone! Like the snap of a finger …lights out. meanwhile the rest of the world is hunkering down, in constant fear, protecting what little they have left from the hungry mob. I would prefer to not be alive when this happens… Have a nice day!
Pretty scary stuff! I agree with the post above, I wouldn't want to be around if this happened.
umm its a very daunting subject which has many people worried and thinking about death but to be honest we are a race that can survive anything,we have been though an ice age before and what has happen is the the human race has evolved and change to its surrounding because of that we envolved in to better intelligent people and if a super volcano does erupt then we would have to change because the last two post are stupid life is precious and you have to old on to it for as long as possible..and am 15 years old and even i know this,,,
i dont agree. i do not believe that yellowstone will ever erupt catastrophically again, because the North american plate is constantly shifting south west and the hot spot will eventually be under the think mountain crust. it is very unlikely that the hot spot would then ever penetrate through. for the people that say yellowstone is "overdue". what are you going based off of? the average between three different erruptions or did you fing a new magical way to determine when disasters will occur? if you did please share i'd just LLOOVVEE to know!
Since they have measured Yellowstone the level of the ground has rose 15 feet, the geysers have been going off more frequently, temperature in Yellowstone lake has risen substantially, and there has been much more seismic activity. There are different kind of earthquakes, theres plate movement, magma movement, and a few others. There has been much more Magma movement down below.There’s definitely something going on there! It’s not a question “if” it goes of its “when”
The best place to be would surely be in Southern Africa, because it is far away from Yellowstone and it is naturally hot, so when the "nuclear winter" or ice age occurs, it will be fairly warmer and thus easier to in.
When the water boils. Steam gotta exit somewhere. That volcano is a kettle heating up. Exept there isn’t a whistle to warn when the water going to boil.